Recently, numerous studies highlighted the role of some insects and their gut microbes in plastic degradation. Several bacteria and fungi are capable of degrading plastic materials at low rates. Therefore, biological technologies have been developed as an eco-friendly alternative for eliminating plastic waste.
Although mechanical, chemical and physical techniques have been applied to the management of plastic waste, these methods are ineffective and can cause pollution through the emission of different gases and additive chemicals. The widespread usage, low recycling rates, and non-degradable nature of plastics have resulted in their accumulation in the environment. Plastic contamination is continuously increasing due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, and produced about 368 million tons of plastic as reported in 2019. molitor larvae originated through an ancient mechanism that degrades the natural lignocellulose. The high similarity of gut microbiomes adapted to biodegradation of PS and CS indicated the plastics-degrading ability of the T. coli and exhibited PS and lignin degradation ability. Furthermore, the upregulated gene lac640 in both PS- and CS-fed groups was overexpressed in E. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that xenobiotics, aromatic compounds, and fatty acid degradation pathways were enriched in PS- and CS-fed groups laccase-like multicopper oxidases, cytochrome P450, monooxygenase, superoxidase, and dehydrogenase were involved in lignin and PS degradation. were associated with both PS and CS diets. The gut microbiota of larvae analysis indicated Serratia sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Rhodococcus sp. The gut microbiota structures, metabolic pathways, and enzymatic profiles of PS- and CS-fed larvae showed similar responses. The larvae exhibited lower PS consumption (32.5%) than CS (52.0%), and these diets had no adverse effects on their survival. molitor larvae were incubated under controlled conditions (25 ± 1 ☌, 75 ± 5% humidity) for 30 days by using PS foam with weight-, number-, and size-average molecular weight (Mw, Mn, and Mz) of 120.0, 73.2, and 150.7 kDa as a diet, respectively. In this study, we analyzed diet consumption, gut microbiota responses, and metabolic pathways of Tenebrio molitor larvae exposed to PS and corn straw (CS). However, there is still a scientific gap in understanding how the insect adapted to the polystyrene (PS) diet from natural feed.
Some insects can degrade both natural and synthetic plastic polymers, their host and gut microbes play crucial roles in this process.
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